Hospital Reference Architecture Guide: The Complete and Expanded English translation of the Dutch ZiRA

1 Introduction 1
1.1 What is the ZiRA? 1
1.2 Audience 2
1.3 Objective 2
1.4 Assumptions 2
1.5 ZiRA Construction 3
1.6 The ZiRA Metamodel 5
1.7 Metamodel Example 6
1.8 Clarification of Concepts 7
1.9 Derivations/Specializations 9
1.10 Parts of the ZiRA 9
1.11 The Common Structure of ZiRA Reference Models 9

2 Architecture Principles 11
2.1 What are Architecture Principles? 11
2.2 Purpose and Application of Architecture Principles 12
2.3 ZiRA Architecture Principles 12
2.4 ZiRA Basic Principles 13
2.5 Basic Principle 1: The Patient Comes First 14
2.5.1 Motivation 14
2.5.2 Rationale 14
2.5.3 Implications 14
2.6 Basic Principle 2: The Hospital Function in a Network of Care Providers 15
2.6.1 Motivation 15
2.6.2 Rationale 15
2.6.3 Implications 15
2.7 Basic Principle 3: Clear and Unambiguous Data Capture at the Point of Care 16
2.7.1 Motivation 16
2.7.2 Rationale 16
2.7.3 Implications 16
2.8 Basic Principle 4: Information Provision is Flexible, Secure, and Sustainable 17
2.8.1 Motivation 17
2.8.2 Rationale 17
2.8.3 Implications 17
2.9 Basic Principle 5: Quality can be Deduced from the Care Process 18
2.9.1 Motivation 18
2.9.2 Rationale 18
2.9.3 Implications 18
2.10 Knowledge Model and ZiRA Principles 19

3 Hospital Business Model Canvas 20
3.1 Application 21
3.2 Additional Resources 22

4 Business Function Model 23
4.1 Introduction 23
4.2 What is a Business Function? 23
4.3 The ZiRA Business Function Model 23
4.3.1 Subdividing the Healthcare Domain 25
4.3.2 Specializations 25
4.4 Purpose and Application of the Business Function Model 26

5 Service Model 27
5.1 Introduction 27
5.2 Service Model 27
5.3 Service Characteristics 28
5.4 Application 29
5.5 Service Catalog 29
5.6 Explanation 31

6 Process Model 33
6.1 Introduction 33
6.2 Process Model 33
6.3 Explanation 33
6.4 Process Model Principles 34
6.5 Process Model Structure 34
6.6 Application 35
6.7 Decomposing (Specifying) Business Processes 35
6.7.1 Business Process Diagrams 36

7 Information Model 50
7.1 Introduction 50
7.2 Healthcare Information Model 50
7.2.1 Purpose 50
7.2.2 Application 51
7.2.3 Basic Design Pattern (BDP) 51
7.2.4 Types of Information Objects 52
7.3 Information Domain Model 55
7.3.1 Information Domain versus Business Function 56
7.3.2 Coherence of Information Objects and Business Activities in Healthcare 77
7.4 Information Objects in the Care Processes 77
7.4.1 Application 78
7.5 Relationship of Information Objects to Healthcare Information Building Blocks (ZIBs) 79
7.5.1 Healthcare Information Building Blocks 79

8 Application Function Model 81
8.1 Overview of Features 82
8.2 Applications 88
8.3 Further Explanation 89
8.3.1 Features versus Services 90
8.3.2 IT Change and Service Management versus Generic IT Functions 90
8.3.3 Generic IT Functions, Not the Infrastructure Itself 90
8.3.4 Granularity 90

A Consensus Statement of the FHIM Transition Council 91
B Nictiz Interoperability Model and the TOGAF ADM 92
C Derived Principles 93
D Business Functions and Business Activities 96